Performance of advanced automotive fuel cell systems with heat rejection constraint
نویسندگان
چکیده
Although maintaining polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) at temperatures below 80 C is desirable for extended durability and enhanced performance, the automotive application also requires the PEFC stacks to operate at elevated temperatures and meet the heat rejection constraint, stated as Q/DT < 1.45 kW/ C, where Q is the stack heat load for an 80-kWe net power PEFC system and DT is the difference between the stack coolant temperature and 40 C ambient temperature. We have developed a method to determine the optimum design and operating conditions for an automotive stack subject to this Q/DT constraint, and illustrate it by applying it to a state-of-the-art stack with nano-structured thin film ternary catalysts in the membrane electrode assemblies. In the illustrative example, stack coolant temperatures >90 C, stack inlet pressures >2 atm, and cathode stoichiometries <2 are needed to satisfy the Q/DT constraint in a cost effective manner. The reference PEFC stack with 0.1 mg/cm2 Pt loading in the cathode achieves 753 mW cm 2 power density at the optimum conditions for heat rejection, compared to 964 mW cm 2 in the laboratory cell at the same cell voltage (663 mV) and pressure (2.5 atm) but lower temperature (85 C), higher cathode stoichiometry (2), and 100% relative humidity. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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